First, the economy

    Overview: Egypt is the third largest economy in Africa, is an open market economy, has a relatively complete industrial, agricultural and service system. Service industry accounts for about 50% of gross domestic product. Industrial textile, food processing and other light industry mainly. The rural population accounts for 55% of the total population, and agriculture accounts for 14% of the gross domestic product. Oil and natural gas, tourism, remittances and the Suez canal is the four largest source of foreign income.

    Since the beginning of 2011, the turbulence situation in the country has caused serious impact on the national economy. Egyptian government to take measures to restore production to increase revenue and reduce expenditure, to attract foreign investment, improve people's livelihood, multi seeking international support and assistance, to tide over the current economic difficulties. The main economic data are as follows:

    :2346 billion in gross domestic product (2012)

    Economic growth rate (9 months before 2012/2013 fiscal year):2.3%

    Per capita gross domestic product (2012): $2578

    Currency name: Egyptian Pound

    The exchange rate (March 2013) $:1 = $6.7

    Inflation rate (2011):10.1%

    Unemployment rate (the fourth quarter of 2012):13.5%

    Foreign exchange reserves (by the end of 5 2013):160 billion

    Industry: industrial textile and food processing industries, such as light industry, heavy industry in the petrochemical industry, machinery manufacturing and automotive industry. Industry accounts for about 16% of gross domestic product, exports of industrial products accounted for 60% of total exports, industrial employees 2 million 740 thousand people, accounting for 14% of the total labor force. Egyptian industrial enterprises in the past has been to the state as the main body, since the beginning of 1990s, began to actively promote the privatization of the reform, the sale of hundreds of enterprises.

    Agriculture: more than 1/3 of the population engaged in agriculture. National arable land area of 3 million 100 thousand hectares, accounting for about 3.7%[1] of the total land area, the vast majority of irrigated land. Tillage intensive, can be cooked in two or three cooked, is the country with the highest yield per unit area of africa. Production of cotton and rice yield, Africa ranks first, corn and wheat in Africa forefront, also producing sugar cane, peanut etc.. Agriculture plays an important role in the national economy of Egypt. The rural population accounts for 52% of the whole population. The government attaches great importance to the development of agriculture and the expansion of arable land. The main crops are cotton, wheat, rice, sorghum, corn, sugar cane, flax, peanuts, fruits, vegetables, etc..

    Mineral resources: the main resources are oil, natural gas, phosphate, iron and so on. Proven reserves: oil barrels per day (January 2013), natural gas, cubic meters of natural gas (January 2012), about 70 tons of phosphate, iron ore 60 million tons. In addition, there are manganese, coal, gold, zinc, chromium, silver, molybdenum, copper and talc, etc.. Average daily crude oil production capacity of up to a total of barrels, natural gas production capacity of over a billion cubic meters, the number of domestic consumption of natural gas accounted for 70% of total natural gas production, the remaining 30% for export.

    Foreign trade: Egypt and more than 120 countries and regions have trade relations, the main trading partners are the United States, France, Germany, Italy, Britain, Japan, Saudi Arabia, the United Arab Emirates, etc.. Due to the export of goods less, foreign trade deficit year after year. To expand exports and reduce the trade deficit, the Egyptian government take the following measures: the development of national industry for production more import substitution goods; restrictions on imports, especially imports of consumer goods; strive to expand exports, especially exports of non-traditional products other than crude oil, raw cotton. 2011/2012 fiscal year, Egypt's foreign trade volume of $85 billion 600 million, an increase of 5.6%, of which exports of u.s..

    Mechanical equipment, grain, electrical equipment, mineral fuels, plastics and products, iron and steel products, wood and wood products, vehicles, animal feed, etc.. The main export products are: mineral fuels (crude oil and its products), cotton, ceramics, textile and garment, aluminum and its products, iron and steel, grain and vegetables. Egypt's exports are mainly exported to Arabia.

    Service industry: Egypt has a long history, many places of interest, with good conditions for the development of the tourism industry. The government attaches great importance to the development of tourism. The main tourist attractions in Pyramid, Sphinx, Luxor temple, Aswan dam, Sharm el Sheikh, etc.. 2011 turmoil in Egypt, the impact of the tourism industry, the number of tourists to Egypt, hotel room prices, tourism investment were significantly decreased. 2012 tourism revenue of about $10 billion. 2012/2013 fiscal third quarter, revenue growth of 18%.

    Transportation: transportation facilities, in recent years, the sea, land and air transport capacity increased rapidly.

    Railway: by 28 lines, the total length of 10008 km, a total of 796 passenger stations, the daily passenger volume of 2 million passengers. As of March 2014, Cairo total of two subway lines, a total length of 64 km, a total cost of $12 billion. Metro line three is divided into two sections the first section construction, a total length of 4.3 km, second sections of a total length of 7.12 km, a total cost of approximately $6 billion 400 million.

    Highway: total length of about 49000 km.

    Waterway: there are 7 international shipping routes; total length of 3500 km of inland waterway. 62 port existing Alexandria, port said, Du Mayatt, Suez, the annual handling volume for 800 million containers, harbor volume of trade is 1.01 million tons. The Suez canal is a major international channel for communication between Asia, Africa and Europe. Canal to carry out a large-scale expansion, so that the canal vessels carrying capacity of 240 thousand tons, can accommodate fourth generations of container ships through. Canal revenues in 2012.

    Air: there are 55 civil aviation aircraft. The national total of 30 airports, of which 11 International Airport, Cairo Airport is an important international air station. Two hundred。Air: there are 55 civil aviation aircraft. The national total of 30 airports, of which 11 International Airport, Cairo Airport is an important international air station. 2008, Egypt Airlines officially joined the star alliance.

    Two, politics

    Constitution: in September 1971, 11 of the citizens voted through the constitution; the Constitution provides that the president is the head of state and supreme commander of the armed forces; the President nominated by the people's parliament, the citizens vote to elect. May 1980 22 citizens voted to amend the constitution, the provisions of the political system, based on a multi-party system, the president can repeatedly re elected, and increased the establishment of Consultative Conference clause. The people's assembly is the highest legislative body. Members elected by universal suffrage, the speaker, deputy speaker of the election 1 times a year. February 11, 2011, when he resigned as president Mubarak, the state power will be transferred to the Supreme Council of the Egyptian armed forces, the Supreme Council of the armed forces immediately announced the abolition of the constitution. In March 2012, the Egyptian people's assembly and the Consultative Assembly election out of the 100 member of the constitutional committee, and the Egyptian administrative court ruled invalid after the reorganization in June. In December 2012, the two phase of the referendum, the constitution of the new committee's support rate was 63.8% in the. The new Constitution clearly lists the legislative, administrative, judicial three sets of power systems, limiting the term of office of the president for four years, up to a term.

    The Constitutional Commission: February 11, 2011, incumbent President Hosni Mubarak of Egypt for domestic large-scale public protests forced to resign from the presidency and national power transferred to the Egyptian Supreme Council of the armed forces and the Supreme Council of the armed forces immediately announced the abolition of the constitution. March 17, 2012, the Egyptian people's assembly and the Consultative Conference held in the city of Nasser joint meeting. The meeting adopted the constitutional committee members plan. According to the plan, the newly established the constitutional committee will be set up to about 100 seats, which members and non members of each accounted for 50 seats. The main duties of the Constitutional Commission is to develop Egypt's new constitution. But due to the Muslim Brotherhood and Salafist Bright Party of the two Islamist parties occupy a Constitutional Commission for half the seats, which caused the dissatisfaction with the secular parties.Cecilia Arabia nationalist advocate, former Egyptian President Nasser as an idol. The liberation and reunification of Nasser devoted his life to the Arabia people, he has a great influence on cecilia. In June 4, 2014, President Xi Jinping congratulates Abdel - Fatah Cecilia was elected president of egypt. Egypt's new interim government was sworn, Egypt's supreme constitutional court president Mansour become Egypt's interim president and commander in chief Abdul Fatah - Sethi general became deputy prime minister and defense minister. In August 2013, Mansour appointed "National Salvation Front leader Mohamed ElBaradei as deputy president of the transitional government, appointed former deputy prime minister and finance minister Hazem - Minister for the Prime Minister of the transitional government, and urged parties to complete national reconciliation. 16, the transitional government of 33 ministers to the interim president Mansoor was sworn in. Interim president Mansoor Adler (AdlyMansour). Born in December 23, 1945. Cairo University School of law graduate, had studied in France, there are three children. He had worked for a long time before the government of the former president Mubarak, who had worked in a state sponsored religious tribunal. 1992, Mansoor, deputy director of the office of the supreme constitutional court of egypt. 2012, Mansoor was involved in the drafting of the law to supervise the presidential election, including the setting of legal election campaign period. July 3, 2013 afternoon, Egypt's defense minister said the supreme constitutional court president Mansoor Adler will be the interim president. Prime Minister Maher Ibrahim. By Maher Ibrahim, the interim government of Egypt's interim government of 32 members of the new cabinet in the capital, Cairo, 1, was sworn in as president of the interim president Mansoor. Magle, born in 1949, graduated from the Cairo University, is a well-known architectural experts, who served as chairman of the Egyptian Arabia contractor company and Egypt housing minister. In Mach Bligh in his inaugural speech, he mentioned that Egypt is facing the challenges of a mountain, he promised to use transparent and determination to solve the contradiction. Egypt's interim Prime Minister Mach Lai Bu 14 inspected the aided by the Chinese side of the Suez Canal University of Fisheries and aquaculture teaching training center project completion, and praised the project. Maher, thanks to the efforts made by the Chinese side. He said that Egypt's economic and social development faces some difficulties, the Chinese government and people's selfless help and support will be a positive impact on the stability and development of egypt. Former Prime Minister Bbe Bo Ravi Hachimou. Arabia Monetary Fund consultants, Egypt's famous economist. He in 1964 from the University of Paris, France has a doctorate, before 1980 in Alexandria, Egypt, University Professor, then served as Egypt Export Development Bank chief executive officer and the UN Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia executive secretary. Bbe Bo Ravi, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Finance in July 2011 when Prime Minister Shelav's reorganization of the cabinet. Egypt's prime minister, Shelav, was appointed Deputy Prime Minister in July 16, 2011, and is in charge of economic affairs in Egypt. In October 11, 2011, Bbe Bo Ravi submitted his resignation to charaf. His resignation was rejected by the chairman of the Supreme Council of the armed forces of the armed forces, Tantawi. Egypt's interim president Mansoor Adler appointed him as interim prime minister in July 9, 2013. Foreign policy: Egypt pursues an independent and non aligned policy, advocates the establishment of a new international political and economic order on the basis of mutual respect and non-interference in the internal affairs of the home, and to strengthen the North South dialogue and South South cooperation. Highlight the Arabia and Islamic attributes, and actively carry out peaceful diplomacy, is committed to strengthening the national unity and cooperation in Arabia, promoting peace process in the Middle East, Syria and other areas of concern to the hot issues. Against international terrorism. Initiative in the Middle East and Africa to establish a nuclear weapon free and weapons of mass destruction. Pay great attention to the great powers of diplomacy, consolidate relations with the United States, strengthen relations with the European Union, Russia and other major powers, and actively develop relations with the emerging countries. The more active in the international organization of the Arab League, the African Union, the organization of Islamic cooperation etc.. As of March 2014, Egypt has established diplomatic relations with 165 countries. Relations with China: since the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Egypt in May 30, 1956, the relations between the two countries have been developing smoothly. In April 1999, the two countries established a strategic cooperative relationship. May 2006, the two countries to establish a strategic dialogue mechanism between the Ministry of foreign affairs. In June 2006, the two countries signed an outline on deepening the implementation of the strategic cooperation relationship. May 2007, the Chinese National People's Congress and the Egyptian people's Congress to establish a regular exchange mechanism. Since January 27, 2007, China and Egypt mutual exemption of Chinese diplomatic and official passports, Egypt's diplomatic and special passport visa. November 2006, Egypt announced the recognition of China's full market economy status. Since 2008, the two governments have actively promoted bilateral trade to expand trade and economic cooperation, and bilateral trade has maintained a growth trend. 2012, the bilateral trade volume of US dollars, an increase of 8.4%, of which China's exports of US dollars, an increase of 12.9%, imports of US dollars, down 13%. In the direction of the main exports of mechanical and electrical products and textile and garment, since the main imports of crude oil, liquefied petroleum gas and marble, etc.. In Egyptian culture, news, science and technology exchanges and cooperation in the fields of active. From 2005 to 2012, the two sides held a cultural week, film festivals, cultural relics exhibition, pictures and other colorful activities, welcomed by the two peoples. In 1956, the two countries signed the agreement on cultural cooperation, and since then the two sides signed a total of 9 cultural cooperation plan. In 2002, China established the Chinese cultural center in Cairo. The two countries since 1955, the exchange of students, then gradually increase

    On June 12, 2012, the Egyptian people's assembly and consultative conference again held a joint meeting, re elected 100 constituent members of the Committee. After a full day of voting and counting, more than 670 members of the day from 1310 candidates elected 100 members of the constitutional committee and 50 alternate members. Election results show that: 100 members of the 16 members from the Muslim Brotherhood, 10 people from the Guangming party. In addition, the Egyptian youth organization April 6th movement, the love of Al al mosque, popular science, legal experts and other social groups have a place in the committee.

    Party: after the 1952 revolution, the party had banned political activities. Arabia Socialist Union was established in October 1962, is the only legal political party in Egypt, Nasser, chairman of the. 1977 began to implement the multi-party system. 2011 the promulgation of a new deal regulations, nearly a hundred existing political parties and organizations, which approved by the National Party committees established party about 60. Major political parties have:

    (1) Sarafi Guangming Party (Al-NourParty): June 12, 2011. To advocate authentic Islam as the basic guidelines of the national political system. Oppose women's participation in politics. Female advocate temperance, Baotou towel. President Maher Ewen Eunice (YounusMakhyoun).

    (2) Xinhua husband defection NewWafdParty: founded in February 1978, the predecessor of the Wafd party, the main opposition in the Mubarak era. To speed up political, economic and social reforms, to ensure the basic freedoms and human rights, to closely relations with Arabia and the Islamic state, and to focus on the development of relations with African countries. President Saeed Baidawei (Al-SayyidAl-Badawi).

    (3) the Egyptian Social Democratic Party (EgyptianSocialDemocraticParty): it was established in July 3, 2011, and advocated the establishment of a modern, secular legal system. The citizens have equal rights and fulfill the same obligations. All citizens participate in the management of the state affairs without discrimination. General secretary Marvin Te talawi (MervatTallawy).

    (4) the liberal Egyptian Party (FreeEgyptiansParty), founded in July 3, 2011. Advocated the establishment of a secular state, the independence of the judiciary, to maintain the original social values and customs, all citizens have the belief in freedom and democracy, freedom, women should play a role in the society and in the areas of the building. President Hassan Saeed Ahmad (AhmedHassanSaid).

    Politicians: President Abdel Fatah - Sethi, full name Abdul - Fatah Saeed - Hussein - Khalil - Sethi, November 1954 was born and in 1969 began serving in the Egyptian army infantry troops, once successively in Egypt, the United Kingdom and the United States Military Academy of learning. In 2008, he was promoted to commander of the Northern Command of Egypt cecilia. In 2011, after the overthrow of the regime of Hosni Mubarak, Sethi was appointed military intelligence chief, in charge of and become temporary members of the national regime, the Supreme Council of the armed forces. In August 2012, Cecilia was appointed president Mulsi as chairman of the Supreme Council of the Minister of defense and armed forces. In July 2013, Cecilia Mulsi announced the lifting of the presidency and announced the transition roadmap. Cecilia in the transitional government as defense minister, first deputy prime minister, and continue to serve as chairman of the Supreme Council of the armed forces. In January 2014, the interim president Mansoor awarded Cecilia "marshal" the highest rank of egypt.

    Cecilia Arabia nationalist advocate, former Egyptian generalCecilia Arabia nationalist advocate, former Egyptian President Nasser as an idol. The liberation and reunification of Nasser devoted his life to the Arabia people, he has a great influence on cecilia.

    In June 4, 2014, President Xi Jinping congratulates Abdel - Fatah Cecilia was elected president of egypt.

    Egypt's new interim government was sworn, Egypt's supreme constitutional court president Mansour become Egypt's interim president and commander in chief Abdul Fatah - Sethi general became deputy prime minister and defense minister. In August 2013, Mansour appointed "National Salvation Front leader Mohamed ElBaradei as deputy president of the transitional government, appointed former deputy prime minister and finance minister Hazem - Minister for the Prime Minister of the transitional government, and urged parties to complete national reconciliation. 16, the transitional government of 33 ministers to the interim president Mansoor was sworn in.

    Interim president Mansoor Adler (AdlyMansour). Born in December 23, 1945. Cairo University School of law graduate, had studied in France, there are three children. He had worked for a long time before the government of the former president Mubarak, who had worked in a state sponsored religious tribunal. 1992, Mansoor, deputy director of the office of the supreme constitutional court of egypt. 2012, Mansoor was involved in the drafting of the law to supervise the presidential election, including the setting of legal election campaign period. July 3, 2013 afternoon, Egypt's defense minister said the supreme constitutional court president Mansoor Adler will be the interim president.

    Prime Minister Maher Ibrahim. By Maher Ibrahim, the interim government of Egypt's interim government of 32 members of the new cabinet in the capital, Cairo, 1, was sworn in as president of the interim president Mansoor. Magle, born in 1949, graduated from the Cairo University, is a well-known architectural experts, who served as chairman of the Egyptian Arabia contractor company and Egypt housing minister. In Mach Bligh in his inaugural speech, he mentioned that Egypt is facing the challenges of a mountain, he promised to use transparent and determination to solve the contradiction. Egypt's interim Prime Minister Mach Lai Bu 14 inspected the aided by the Chinese side of the Suez Canal University of Fisheries and aquaculture teaching training center project completion, and praised the project. Maher, thanks to the efforts made by the Chinese side. He said that Egypt's economic and social development faces some difficulties, the Chinese government and people's selfless help and support will be a positive impact on the stability and development of egypt.

    Former Prime Minister Bbe Bo Ravi Hachimou. Arabia Monetary Fund consultants, Egypt's famous economist. He in 1964 from the University of Paris, France has a doctorate, before 1980 in Alexandria, Egypt, University Professor, then served as Egypt Export Development Bank chief executive officer and the UN Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia executive secretary. Bbe Bo Ravi, Deputy Prime Minister and Minister of Finance in July 2011 when Prime Minister Shelav's reorganization of the cabinet. Egypt's prime minister, Shelav, was appointed Deputy Prime Minister in July 16, 2011, and is in charge of economic affairs in Egypt. In October 11, 2011, Bbe Bo Ravi submitted his resignation to charaf. His resignation was rejected by the chairman of the Supreme Council of the armed forces of the armed forces, Tantawi. Egypt's interim president Mansoor Adler appointed him as interim prime minister in July 9, 2013.

    Foreign policy: Egypt pursues an independent and non aligned policy, advocates the establishment of a new international political and economic order on the basis of mutual respect and non-interference in the internal affairs of the home, and to strengthen the North South dialogue and South South cooperation. Highlight the Arabia and Islamic attributes, and actively carry out peaceful diplomacy, is committed to strengthening the national unity and cooperation in Arabia, promoting peace process in the Middle East, Syria and other areas of concern to the hot issues. Against international terrorism. Initiative in the Middle East and Africa to establish a nuclear weapon free and weapons of mass destruction. Pay great attention to the great powers of diplomacy, consolidate relations with the United States, strengthen relations with the European Union, Russia and other major powers, and actively develop relations with the emerging countries. The more active in the international organization of the Arab League, the African Union, the organization of Islamic cooperation etc.. As of March 2014, Egypt has established diplomatic relations with 165 countries.

    Relations with China: since the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and Egypt in May 30, 1956, the relations between the two countries have been developing smoothly. In April 1999, the two countries established a strategic cooperative relationship. May 2006, the two countries to establish a strategic dialogue mechanism between the Ministry of foreign affairs. In June 2006, the two countries signed an outline on deepening the implementation of the strategic cooperation relationship. May 2007, the Chinese National People's Congress and the Egyptian people's Congress to establish a regular exchange mechanism. Since January 27, 2007, China and Egypt mutual exemption of Chinese diplomatic and official passports, Egypt's diplomatic and special passport visa.

    November 2006, Egypt announced the recognition of China's full market economy status. Since 2008, the two governments have actively promoted bilateral trade to expand trade and economic cooperation, and bilateral trade has maintained a growth trend. 2012, the bilateral trade volume of US dollars, an increase of 8.4%, of which China's exports of US dollars, an increase of 12.9%, imports of US dollars, down 13%. In the direction of the main exports of mechanical and electrical products and textile and garment, since the main imports of crude oil, liquefied petroleum gas and marble, etc..

    In Egyptian culture, news, science and technology exchanges and cooperation in the fields of active. From 2005 to 2012, the two sides held a cultural week, film festivals, cultural relics exhibition, pictures and other colorful activities, welcomed by the two peoples.

    In 1956, the two countries signed the agreement on cultural cooperation, and since then the two sides signed a total of 9 cultural cooperation plan. In 2002, China established the Chinese cultural center in Cairo. The two countries since 1955, the exchange of students, then gradually increaseCultural centre. The two countries since 1955, the exchange of students, then increased year by year. In December 1995, China and Egypt signed a memorandum of understanding on education cooperation between the two countries. In 1997, the two countries signed an agreement on mutual recognition of academic qualifications and degree. As of 2013, there were 4 Chinese universities in Egypt. In 2007, Cairo University and the Peking University cooperation in the establishment of North Africa, the first Kong Zi college. In 2008, North China Electric Power University and Suze Canal University to build the second Kong Zi School of egypt.

    22 to 25 December 2014 should be the people's Republic of China President Xi Jinping your invitation, the Arab Republic of Egypt president Abdul Fatah - Cecilia you of the people's Republic of China for a state visit.

    Relations with African countries: African countries and Egyptian history and cultural origin of deep and in the Egyptian national security especially water resources security is of strategic significance, African countries in the Egyptian foreign policy occupies a prominent position. President Mubarak is in power to strengthen the African property, the importance of friendly cooperation with African countries. Egypt is actively involved in African affairs, and is committed to the construction of the African union. In 2010, Niger, Uganda, Mali, Eritrea, Zimbabwe, Congo (gold), Chad, Somalia, South Africa and other African leaders were interviewed. 2011, President of Gabon, the president of the African Union, respectively, visit egypt. In July 2012, President morsi held in Ethiopia to attend the Au summit. In September, Premier Diller visits Ethiopia. In October, the president's visit to Uganda. April 2013, Egyptian Prime Minister Gandil visited Kenya to attend the inauguration ceremony of the new president. June, Egypt and Ethiopia around the reconstruction of the dam construction problems. Egyptian Foreign Minister Amr's visit to Ethiopia, the two countries will solve the Nile water dispute consultations. In early 7, the political situation in Egypt once again drastic changes, the African Union to condemn and reject any illegal seizure of power, the behavior of the suspension to participate in the activities of the African union. October, Egyptian Foreign Minister Fahmi visits Uganda and Burundi.

    Relations with the United States: the Nasser era, Egypt US relations more tense. In 1967 after the third Middle East War, Egypt announced that diplomatic relations with the United states. In 1973 after the October war, Egypt US relations improvement and development. The diplomatic relations between the two countries in February 1974. After President Mubarak's administration, the relationship between the two countries has become closer and closer, and the United States has a special strategic partnership. The United States every year since 1979, to $2 billion 100 million in aid, including $1 billion 300 million in military aid. In 1998, Egypt and the United States signed an agreement agreed beauty in the next 10 years annual reduction of 5% of the Egyptian government aid, to 2008 to $407 million. But the United States adopt other ways to make up, did not significantly reduce the total U.S. aid. In 2004 he signed a "qualified industrial park" agreement, further strengthen bilateral economic relations. 2010, Mubarak went to the United States to participate in the launch of the Palestinian Israeli direct negotiations. U.S. Vice President Joe Biden's visit to Egypt in the same year. In July 2012, Secretary of secretary of State Hillary Clinton visit to Egypt, met with Mr. morsi and other leaders, announced Egypt 10 billion in debt forgiveness, to Egypt to provide $2.5 billion export credit guarantee, and the establishment of investment fund of $60 million. In September, protests in Egypt erupted in protest against the mass demonstrations of the muslim prophet film. The same month, the president went to New York to attend the UN conference during the meeting with the US Secretary of state Clinton. In November, U.S. President Barack Obama and President Mohamed morsi call appreciates Ethiopia to bring Israel and Gaza, the Palestinian factions to reach a ceasefire efforts. January 2013, the United States Senate Foreign Affairs Committee Chairman Mccain's visit to egypt. In March, Secretary of state Kerrey visit to Egypt, announced to provide $190 million financial assistance to egypt. In April, U.S. Secretary of defense Chuck Hagel visited. In May, Egyptian Foreign Minister Amr's visit to the United states. In early July the political situation in Egypt again after the drastic change, U.S. publicly condemned Egyptian authorities violence against civilians, announced that cancel joint military exercise, the suspended part of the Egyptian military and economic aid. At the same time, the United States refused to identify military acts as a "military coup", stressed that it is willing to continue to maintain relations with egypt. In August, U.S. senators Mccain and Graham's visit to egypt. November, Secretary of secretary of State Warren visit to Egypt, said Egypt is a important partner of the United States in the Middle East, the United States will continue to work closely with the interim government of Egypt, and jointly promote the Egyptian economic development and a smooth political transition, Egypt's future would be made by the people's advocate; US President Barack Obama attach importance to strengthen relations with Egypt, will do best to support the Egyptian authorities; beauty in accordance with the principle of its work, will not stop any aid to Egypt, will continue to support the Egyptian Health, border security and counter-terrorism and other issues.

    With the European Union relations during the Nasser administration, Egypt and the major Western European countries cool relations. Sadat took office and began to pay attention to improving relations with Western europe. In 1973 October after the war, Egypt and Europe relation has great development. Mubarak after the ruling, frequent visits to the EU countries, the two sides close. The EU is Egypt's largest trading partner. 2011 British Prime Minister Cameron, the European Union's foreign and security policy senior representative Ashton, respectively. In September 2012, the president's visit to the EU headquarters and Italy respectively. In January 2013, European Council president Herman Van Rompuy visit to Egypt, said the EU will provide 5 billion euros of loans and aid to egypt. The same month, the president's visit to germany. April, the European Union's foreign affairs and security affairs senior representative Ashton's visit to egypt. The same month, Egyptian Foreign Minister Amr's visit to france. In May, the Egyptian science and technology special Christian Archbishop visited the vatican. June, Egyptian Foreign Minister Amr to visit Greece, to discuss mutual exemption of diplomatic passports and visas to strengthenNon diplomatic passport visa, to strengthen cooperation between the two countries and other issues. In early 7, the political situation in Egypt once again drastic changes, the European Union to mediate the crisis. EU high representative for foreign and security policy Ashton 3 visit to egypt. In August, the EU announced an embargo on the part of the military goods.

    The relationship with Iraq: Egypt, Iraq was one of the most active countries to support the Arabia Iraq war. An close relationship, there are more than one million workers in Iraq. Iran and Iraq after the armistice, Egypt and Iraq, Jordan and Yemen, three in February 1989 composed the Arab Cooperation Council, and successively in Shikoku capital held four meetings. After the outbreak of the Gulf crisis in 1990, Egypt firmly opposed to Iraq invaded Kuwait, diplomatic relations with Iraq, and 40000 troops sent to participate in the leadership of the beauty of the Gulf War. Egypt nearly a million workers return to egypt. After the war, Egypt actively called for the lifting of sanctions against Iraq, to help Iraq return to the camp in Arabia. November 2000, Egypt and Iraq to restore diplomatic relations. Respectively, to the other party's capital stationed in charge of foreign diplomats, to perform their duties. On 2003, before the Iraq war, against the U.S. attack on Iraq. The end of the war in Iraq, Egypt stressed the need to end as soon as possible foreign military occupation of Iraq. He advocated that the United Nations should play a leading role in the reconstruction; emphasize the maintenance of Iraq's sovereignty and national unity; called on all political factions in Iraq to participate in the political process, called for the cessation of violence. In May 2007, Egypt hosted the ministerial meeting of the "Iraq international contract", which aims to promote the peace and reconstruction of iraq. In 2010, Iraqi Vice President Tariq and Adil respectively visit to egypt.

    Relations with Saudi Arabia in 1979 after the signing of the peace treaty with Israel, Saudi Arabia and Egypt diplomatic relations. November 1987, sand, Egypt restore diplomatic relations, the economic aid to Egypt to restore sand. After the outbreak of the crisis in the Gulf, Egypt should Saudi troops in sand, sand decided to cancel debt owed to them by Egypt, and to Egypt to provide new grant aid of $1.5 billion. In May 2011, Saudi Arabia announced $4 billion in aid and loans to egypt. In April 2012, the Saudi arrest lawyer Gizavi led to the Egyptian people to protest demonstrations, the sand side once closed its embassy in Egypt and the recall of the ambassador. In July, the president's visit to the sand, met with king Abdullah and Prince Salman. In August, President morsi attended in Saudi Arabia held the organization of Islamic cooperation summit. In January 2013, the president attended the third session of the summit to Saudi Arabia's economic and social development". In June, the two countries signed a memorandum of Esha network. The same month, Esha held joint air force training. In early 7, the political and economic support of the political and economic support of the new regime. October, Egypt's interim president Mansoor visited Saudi arabia.

    Relations with Palestine: Egypt is one of the first countries to support the Palestinian cause. After the founding of the PLO, Egypt to firmly support. The peace process, the relationship between ebba dropped to the lowest point, the PLO office in Cairo was closed. In November 1987, Egypt reopened the PLO office in Cairo. In November 1988, Pakistan announced after the founding of the PRC, Egypt announced that the PLO office in Cairo has been upgraded to the embassy. Madrid, the Middle East and the Middle East, Egypt actively promote peace talks, to promote the Palestinian internal reconciliation, and called on the international community to provide humanitarian assistance to the Palestinian people. After the outbreak of the conflict in Gaza in December 2008, Egypt's efforts to mediate and promote the cease-fire between Hamas and Israel, to ease the humanitarian crisis in Gaza, the United Nations Security Council passed 1860th important role in the resolution. In 2009, Egypt hosted the International Conference on the reconstruction of Gaza, and called on all Palestinian factions held several rounds of internal reconciliation dialogue in Cairo. 2010, President of the Palestinian national authority Abbas repeatedly visited egypt. 2011, Abbas, Hamas leader Zahar were interviewed. In May, under the mediation of Egypt, Fatah and Hamas signed a settlement agreement in egypt. Egypt's Government reopened the Gaza strip. After President Mulsi took office in 2012, Abbas, Mashal, Ismail Haniyeh, Hamas leaders are visiting. November, Egypt led Israel and the Palestinian armed factions to reach a ceasefire agreement. January 2013, Mashal and Hamas leader Abbas met in Cairo to discuss the internal reconciliation. In early 7, the political situation in Egypt once again dramatic changes, the relationship between the new regime and the Egyptian government has deteriorated. August, Egyptian Foreign Minister Fahmi visits palestine.

    Three, society

    Education: the popularization of compulsory education system in primary schools. A total of basic education (including primary, junior high school, high school and secondary technical education) school 42184, of which 37218 public schools, 4966 private schools. A total of 34 universities, including 18 public universities, 16 private universities. The famous Cairo University, Alexandria University, - ain shams University, Al Azhar university. University higher education average enrollment rate of 32%.

    Egypt sports has a long history, the level of sport in Africa is higher. Thousands of years ago, and the Egyptians will mainly in the two major cities of Cairo and Alexandria were racing, wrestling, hunting and so on more than 30 kinds of sports activities, the most popular projects have football, basketball, volleyball, swimming, weightlifting, wrestling, boxing. Egypt's Supreme Council for youth, is in charge of sports authorities; Egypt's Olympic Committee and is responsible for non governmental institutions of sports affairs and consists of 27 individual association, specifically responsible for the organization of the movement; sports club is the main field of sports and training athletes to carry out. It is funded by private groups or individuals in the country. The club has its own sports teams, coaches are mostly amateur, but also a few coaches are full-time there are a few coaches are full-time. The main sports facilities in Egypt have Kailuonasaier stadium, Alexander stadium.

    Communications: since the new century, Egypt vigorously develop the telecommunications and information industry. 1981, the country has only 510 thousand fixed line telephone lines, as of 2013, fixed telephone subscribers reached. As of 2013, the number of mobile phone subscribers increased from 23 million 100 thousand in 2000 to in February 2011. Egypt's telecommunications industry to achieve a rapid growth, has become an important driving force for economic growth.